一、summary 题型做题技巧的基本原理
summary是原文段落的概要，所以，一般而言，summary句子中各个意群之间的语义关系和实质性的语法关系必然反映了原文所对应信息中的语义关系和语法关系。如果summary中的此类关系在原文中无法找到，该summary就无法忠实于原文。
空格所代表的语义成分与空格周围其它成分之间的关系基本上和原文当中所要查找的目标词汇与其周围的成分之间的关系具有类同性。因此，在summary和原文都不能清楚理解的情况下，比对两者的语义结构和语法结构成了成功答题的唯一出路。
二、分析空格语法属性
空格通常为名词、动词、形容词、副词、非谓语动词、限定词或者数字。名词的数，动词的时态和语态等也是分析的对象，以确保填进去的词符合summary语法上的要求。空格语法属性的分析要求应试者具有较好的语法知识。
三、分析空格与句子中其他成分之间的语义关系
语义关系包括：并列关系、比较关系、转折关系、因果关系、举例关系、递进关系、定义解释关系、分类关系等。
四、分析空格与句子中其它成分之间的语法关系
语法关系包括：主谓关系、谓宾关系、介宾关系、修饰与限定关系等。例如：
Volcanic eruptions have shaped the earth's land surface. They may also have produced the world's atmosphere and 22____. Eruptions occur when molten rocks from the earth's mantle rise and expand. When they become liquid, they move more quickly through cracks in the surface. There are different types of eruption.
Sometimes the 23_____ moves slowly and forms outcrops of granite on the earth's surface. When it moves more quickly it may flow out in thick horizontal sheets. Examples of this type of eruption can be found in Northern Ireland, Wales, South Africa and 24_____. A third type of eruption occurs when the lava emerges very quickly and 25_____violently. This happens because the magma moves so suddenly that 26______are emitted. （剑四test 3, passage 2)
分析如下：
空格22与atmosphere在语义上并列，为不可数名词或者名词复数，语法上是have produced 的宾语。原文信息为：
They (volcanoes) are also thought to have made the world's first stable atmosphere and provided all the water for the oceans,...。
不难发现，空格22 所在句子中的语义关系和语法关系与原文是匹配的。答案是the water 或者 water 。
空格23 在语法上为moves slowly and forms 的主语，是单数名词或不可数名词。原文信息为：
Sometimes it is slow: vast bubbles of magma - molten rock from the mantle - inch towards the surface,,cooling slowly, to show through as granite extrusions...。
moves slowly 的意思就是 inch towards 。原文中 inch towards 的主语就是magma 或者molten rock。
空格24 与Examples of this type of eruption 语义上构成举例关系，又和 Northern Ireland, Wales, South Africa 构成并列关系。语法上是介词 in 的宾语。为一个地名。原文信息是：
Sometimes - as in Northern Ireland,Wales and the Karoo in South Africa - the magma rose faster, and then flowed out ....。In the Deccan plateau in western india, there are ...。
