【注】 as引导的非限制性定语从句常可提前，但and引导的并列句应在前一个分句后。如：

As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.

可改为：We have worked out the production plan and it is often the case.

二、附属成分作状语

    状语是用来修饰限制谓语﹑整个句子或句子里的一部分。常用来作状语的有：形容词﹑副词﹑介词短语﹑非谓语动词和状语从句等等。状语和句子间的逻辑关系各有不同，可以分成不同的状语：原因状语、时间状语、条件状语、结果状语、让步状语、伴随状语、目的状语、结果状语等等。

（1）形容词﹑副词和介词短语等作状语。如：

①Thirsty, he went into a tea house. （thirsty 是形容词，可看成是分词短语being thirsty的省略，对主语he进行补充说明）

②She sat quietly in her seat.（quietly是副词，修饰动作sat）

【注】 形容词通常不作状语，偶尔有形容词作状语，通常表示原因、方式、伴随、时间、让步等。如：

③He came in, full of fear. （表伴随，相当于When he came in, he was full of fear.）

④Ripe, the fruit tastes better. （表时间，相当于When the fruit is ripe.）

⑤Right or wrong, I will stand on your side. （表让步，相当于Whether you are right or wrong.）

（2）非谓语动词（短语），可转换成状语从句。如：

①Lost in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. =句中黑体部分可补充为：After they were lost in the mountains for a week.

②It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just to have a look at the sports stars.

句中黑体部分可改为：in order that they could have a look at the sports stars

（3）状语从句。

①The house could fall down soon if no one does some quick repair work. （表条件）

②Roses need special care so that they can live through winter. （表目的）

③Since /as the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.（表原因）

④He speaks English as though he were an Englishman. （表方式）

    熟练掌握句子的附属成分，对准确理解句子意思大有裨益，对长句的理解很有好处。在阅读中，有利于将长句读短，去掉枝蔓，抓住核心，提高篇章的理解能力。了解句子的附属成分也有助于写作。正确使用好句子附属成分能将意思表达更加准确，叙述更加生动，丰富表达方式，增强文章感染力。

真题精练

1. （2006年上海）I made so many changes in my composition that only I could read it. To _____ else, it was hard to make out.

A. none B. everyone C. someone D. anyone

2. （2006年北京）There have been several new events _____ to the program for the 2008 Olympic Games.

A. add B. to add C. adding D. added

3. （2006年广东）No matter how frequently _____, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.

A. performing B. performed

C. to be performed D. being performed

4. （2006年陕西）He hurried to the booking office only __ that all the tickets had been sold out.

A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told

5. （2006年天津）The Beatle, ___ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.

A. what B. that C. how D. as

6. （2006年江西）The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings; _____, it caused 20 deaths.